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Mold

What is Mold?

Mold is a type of fungus that grows in moist environments. Mold reproduces by producing tiny spores that are invisible to the naked eye and float through outdoor and indoor air. There are many types of molds, and they can grow on a wide variety of materials.

Where is Mold found?

Mold needs moisture to grow. Common locations for mold growth in the home include kitchens, bathrooms, and basements. Mold can also grow near damaged areas that let water into the house, such as roof leaks, plumbing leaks, window condensation, or flooding. Mold can grow on many common household materials, such as paper, cardboard, ceiling tiles, wood, paint, wallpaper, insulation, drywall, carpet, fabric, and upholstery.

Health Risks from Mold

All mold has the potential to affect health, and some are more toxic than others. Exposure can cause sinus inflammation, nose bleeds, respiratory diseases, and can worsen existing asthma symptoms and allergies. Some mold can have neurotoxic, reproductive, or carcinogenic properties.

Symptoms of mold exposure may include a stuffy nose, wheezing, red and itchy eyes or skin, while others show no symptoms at all. Individuals with mold allergies or asthma may have more intense reactions. Severe reactions can include fever and shortness of breath.

How can I protect my family from mold?

The best way to prevent mold is to control moisture in your home.

  • Control Humidity: Keep humidity levels low, about 40-60%. An air conditioner or dehumidifier will help.
  • Increase Ventilation: Increase ventilation by opening doors and windows. Use fans, bathroom exhaust fans, and kitchen vent hoods.
  • Limit Carpet in Moist Areas: Limit carpet use in bathrooms and other high moisture areas.
  • Repair Leaks: Repair leaks as soon as possible. Find the source of the problem first, fix it, and dry the area.
  • Clean Mold Carefully: Spray with undiluted white vinegar; wait an hour; scrub with soap and water.

The EPA generally does not recommend testing for mold when visible mold is present as there are no specific limits for mold or spores. If testing is needed or if the mold contamination is extensive, it is best to contact a professional.

Contractor information

There are no uniform standards and certifications for mold inspectors and remediation, so it is best practice to look up the rules in your local municipality and state. Pennsylvania requires most home improvement contractors to be registered, and the EPA provides guidelines for dealing with mold.

Resources

Women for a Healthy Environment Fact Sheets

Learn more about mold

How to clean up mold

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