Doing home renovations and repairs can improve comfort, safety, and energy efficiency but they can also introduce new hazards or make existing ones worse. Activities like sanding, cutting, demolition, and installing new materials can release harmful pollutants into the air and spread them throughout the home. Understanding these risks and taking steps to reduce exposure can help protect both your family and the people working in your home.
Renovation projects are also an important opportunity to address underlying issues, improve indoor air quality, and make homes healthier and more efficient over the long term.
Common Hazards During Renovation
Many common building materials and construction activities can affect indoor environmental quality:
Lead – In homes built before 1978, disturbing painted surfaces can release lead dust. This dust is easily spread and can be harmful even at very low levels, particularly for young children. Use lead safe practices to reduce lead exposure risks and hire an RRP certified contractor.
Asbestos – Older homes may contain asbestos in insulation, flooring, siding, and other materials. When these materials are damaged or disturbed, fibers can become airborne and pose serious health risks.
Mold and Moisture – Renovation can uncover hidden leaks or moisture problems. Without proper management, mold can grow and impact respiratory health. Fix the moisture source and remediate the mold before closing the walls or other renovations.
Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) – Many paints, finishes, adhesives, and new building products release VOCs, which can contribute to headaches, irritation, and poor indoor air quality. Choose products with low VOCs.
Dust and Particles – Construction dust may contain a mix of materials, including silica and other fine particles that can be inhaled deep into the lungs. Put down floor coverings and hang plastic sheeting to contain dust and debris. Clean regularly and thoroughly during and after the renovations.
Pests – Opening walls and changing building conditions can expose or create entry points for pests, which can introduce allergens and other health concerns. Used integrated pest management practices to exclude pests and take precautions when cleaning or removing waste from pests.
Reducing Exposure During Projects
Plan ahead and use safer work practices to reduce health risks.
- Isolate the work area to prevent dust from spreading to other parts of the home
- Use ventilation strategies to move contaminated air outside
- Clean regularly using methods that capture fine particles (such as HEPA vacuuming and damp wiping)
- Replace HVAC filters frequently during and after renovation
- Choose lower-toxicity materials, including low- or no-VOC products
- Follow lead-safe practices when working in older homes
- Keep children, pets, and other occupants away from active work areas
Opportunities to Improve Health and Efficiency
Renovation projects provide a valuable chance to make improvements that support long-term health.
Radon – Test for radon and install a mitigation system if needed while doing any work in your basement.
Ventilation and Insulation – Air sealing, insulation upgrades, and improved ventilation can help control moisture, reduce pollutants, and increase comfort.
Energy Efficiency – Upgrading HVAC systems and materials can reduce energy use, lower utility costs, and create a more stable indoor environment.
Working with Contractors
Contractors play an important role in maintaining a safe work environment and protecting household health. When planning a project, look for professionals who understand how renovation activities impact indoor air quality and who are familiar with safer work practices. Use our guide on How to Choose a Contractor.
